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1 σφάλλω
a bring to ruinβία δὲ καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν ἐν χρόνῳ P. 8.15
καὶ κρέσσον' ἀνδρῶν χειρόνων ἔσφαλε τέχνα καταμάρψαισ I. 4.35
ἀλλ' ᾦτινι μὴ λιπότεκνος σφαλῇ πάμπαν οἶκος βιαίᾳ δαμεὶς ἀνάγκᾳ Παρθ. 1. 17.b kill Ἀχιλλέα ὃς Ἕκτορα σφᾶλε ( Ἕκτορ' ἔσφαλε v. l.) O. 2.81c frag. ἔσφᾳλ fr. 1a. 6. -
2 καταλύω
καταλύω (s. prec. entry for mngs. 1–3, and κατάλυμα for mng. 4) fut. καταλύσω; 1 aor. κατέλυσα; pf. inf. καταλελυκέναι (Just., D. 41, 1). Pass.: 1 fut. καταλυθήσομαι; 1 aor. κατελύθην (Hom.+).① to detach someth. in a demolition process, throw down, detach of a stone fr. a building Mt 24:2; Mk 13:2; Lk 21:6.② to cause the ruin of someth., destroy, demolish, dismantleⓐ lit. of buildings (Hom. et al.; 2 Esdr 5:12; Jos., Ant. 9, 161 τ. ναοῦ [τ. θεοῦ] καταλυθέντος; SibOr 3, 459) τ. ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:61; cp. 27:40; Mk 14:58; 15:29. τὸν τόπον τοῦτον this place Ac 6:14.ⓑ fig. (opp. οἰκοδομεῖν) tear down, demolish Gal 2:18. Of the body as an earthly tent ἐὰν ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed or taken down 2 Cor 5:1. τὸ ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ tear down the work (i.e. the Christian congregation which, because of vs. 19, is prob. thought of as a building of God) Ro 14:20. On the contrary, the figure of the building is not present, and the gener. mng. destroy, annihilate (Strabo 13, 2, 3 p. 617; Ael. Aristid. 29 p. 570 D.: ἐλπίδας; TestBenj 3:8) is found in τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας (s. ἔργον 3 end) GEg 252, 55.③ to end the effect or validity of someth., put an end toⓐ to cause to be no longer in force abolish, annul, make invalid (Hdt.+) κ. τὸν νόμον do away with, annul or repeal the law Mt 5:17a (cp. X., Mem. 4, 4, 14; Isocr. 4, 55; Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 3 and 40, 2 [of the intention of the Seleucids against the Jews: καταλύειν τοὺς πατρίους νόμους]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 40; 2 Macc 2:22; Philo, Somn. 2, 123; Jos., Ant. 16, 35; 20, 81; Ath., R. 19 p. 72, 28). τ. νόμον κ. τ. προφήτας (sim. Mt 5:17a) Lk 23:2 v.l. τὰς θυσίας abolish sacrifices GEb 54, 20. Abs. Mt 5:17b (opp. πληροῦν); D 11:2.ⓑ to bring to an end, ruin, (Appian, Prooem. C. 10 §42 ἀρχάς=empires; Arrian, Anab. 4, 10, 3 τυραννίδα; 4 Macc 4:24 τὰς ἀπειλάς; Jos., Ant. 12, 1 τὴν Περσῶν ἡγεμονίαν) ἡ βουλὴ καταλυθήσεται the plan will fail Ac 5:38. Also of pers. (TestJob 34:5; Just., D. 100, 6 al.; Diod S 16, 47, 2 τοὺς μάγους; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 48 §210) suppress, stop vs. 39. Of rulers who are deposed (Diod S 1, 66, 6; 9, 4, 2 [a tyrant]; 14, 14, 7 al.; Polyaenus 7, 3 and 10; 8, 29; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 25) καταλύεται ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου the ruler of this age is deposed ITr 4:2.④ to cease what one is doing, halt (lit. ‘unharness the pack animals’), rest, find lodging (Thu. et al.; SIG 978, 8; UPZ 12, 37 [158 B.C.]; 62, 34; BGU 1097, 5; Gen 19:2; 24:23, 25; Sir 14:25, 27; 36:27; JosAs 3:3; Jos., Vi. 248; Just., D. 78, 5 [ref. Lk 2:7]; cp. En 5:6) Lk 9:12. W. εἰσέρχεσθαι 19:7.—B. 758. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
3 ἀπόλλυμι
ἀπόλλυμι for its conjug. s. B-D-F §101 (s.v. ὄλλυμι); W-S. §14, 18; Rob. 317; fut. ἀπολέσω Hs 8, 7, 5; Att. ἀπολῶ 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14; ParJer 1:1, 8); 1 aor. ἀπώλεσα; 1 pf. ἀπολώλεκα. Mid.: fut. ἀπολοῦμαι Lk 13:3; 2 aor. ἀπωλόμην; the 2 pf. ἀπόλωλα functions as a pf. mid.; ptc. ἀπολωλώς (Hom.+).ⓐ act. ruin, destroyα. of pers. (Sir 10:3) Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. W. ref. to eternal destruction μὴ ἐκεῖνον ἀπόλλυε do not bring about his ruin Ro 14:15. Esp. kill, put to death (Gen 20:4; Esth 9:6 v.l.; 1 Macc 2:37; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 122; Mel., P. 84, 635 [Ch.] τὸν ἐχθρόν σου) Hs 9, 26, 7. παιδίον Mt 2:13; Jesus 12:14; 27:20; Mk 3:6; 11:18; Lk 19:47; B 12:5; the wicked tenants κακοὺς κακῶς ἀ. (s. κακός 1a) he will put the evildoers to a miserable death Mt 21:41. τοὺς γεωργούς Mk 12:9; Lk 20:16; τ. φονεῖς Mt 22:7; τ. μὴ πιστεύσαντας those who did not believe Jd 5; πάντας Lk 17:27, 29. W. σῶσαι (like Chariton 2, 8, 1) Js 4:12; Hs 9, 23, 4. Of eternal death (Herm. Wr. 4, 7; Tat. 11:2 ἀπώλεσεν ἡμᾶς τὸ αὐτέξουσιον) ψυχὴν κ. σῶμα ἀ. ἐν γεέννῃ Mt 10:28; ψυχήν B 20:1; τ. ψυχάς Hs 9, 26, 3 (cp. Sir 20:22).β. w. impers. obj. ἀ. τ. σοφίαν τ. σοφῶν destroy the wisdom of the wise 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14). ἀ. τ. διάνοιαν destroy the understanding Hm 11:1 (cp. Just., D. 93, 1 τὰς φυσικὰς ἐννοίας).γ. without obj. J 10:10.ⓑ mid. perish, be ruinedα. of pers. perish, die (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 188 ἀπόλλυται ὁ ἀνήρ=the man dies; Tat. 21, 2 τοὺς ἀνθρώπους … ἀπόλλυσθαι) 1 Cl 51:5; 55:6; B 5:4, 12; D 16:5; Hs 6, 2, 1f. As a cry of anguish ἀπολλύμεθα we are perishing! (Epict. 2, 19, 16 [in a storm-tossed vessel]; PPetr II, 4 [1], 4f νυνὶ δὲ ἀπολλύμεθα) Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Lk 8:24 (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 3 of disaster that the stormy sea brings to the seafarer). ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀ. die by the sword Mt 26:52. λιμῷ of hunger (Ezk 34:29) Lk 15:17. τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε Jd 11c (because of 11a and b it should perh. = be corrupted; cp. Polyb. 32, 23, 6). ὑπό τινος (Hdt. 5. 126; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 12) ὑπὸ τ. ὄφεων killed by the snakes 1 Cor 10:9; cp. vs. 10. Abs. of a people perish J 11:50. Of individuals (Lev 23:30) Ac 5:37; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 12:6; 39:5 (Job 4:20).—Esp. of eternal death (cp. Ps 9:6f; 36:20; 67:3; 72:27; 82:18; 91:10; Is 41:11) J 3:16; 17:12. ἀπολέσθαι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα perish forever 10:28 (Bar 3:3 ἡμεῖς ἀπολλύμενοι τὸν αἰῶνα). ἀνόμως ἀ. Ro 2:12; μωρῶς ἀ. IEph 17:2 (cp. ἀσκόπως Just., D. 8, 4); ἐν καυχήσει because of boasting ITr 4:1; cp. IPol 5:2. Abs. 1 Cor 8:11; 15:18; 2 Cl 17:1.—οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι (opp. οἱ σῳζόμενοι, as in Plut., Mor. 469d) those who are lost 1 Cor 1:18; 2 Cor 2:15; 4:3; 2 Th 2:10; 2 Cl 1:4; 2:5. For this τὸ ἀπολωλός Lk 19:10 (Mt 18:10 v.l.—Ezk 34:4, 16). τὰ ἀπολλύμενα 2 Cl 2:7 (cp. SIG 417, 9 τὰ τε ἀπολωλότα ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ ἀνέσωσαν). S. also 3b end.β. of things be lost, pass away, be ruined (Jos., Bell. 2, 650 of Jerusalem; Tat. 17, 2 πάθος … ἀπολλύμενον) of bursting wineskins Mt 9:17; Mk 2:22; Lk 5:37; fading beauty Js 1:11; transitory beauty of gold 1 Pt 1:7. AcPl Ha 2, 24; [χρυσὸς]| γὰρ ἀπόλλυται 9:8f; passing splendor Rv 18:14 (w. ἀπό as Jer 10:11; Da 7:17). Of earthly food J 6:27; spoiled honey Hm 5, 1, 5; σαρκὸς ἀπολλυμένης AcPlCor 2:15. Of the heavens which, like the earth, will pass away Hb 1:11 (Ps 101:27). Of the end of the world Hv 4, 3, 3, Of the way of the godless, which is lost in darkness B 11:7 (Ps 1:6). μὴ … τὸ μνημόσυνον [ὑμῶν]| ἀπόλιτε (read ἀπόληται) AcPl Ha 1, 22f.② to fail to obtain what one expects or anticipates, lose out on, lose (X., Pla.+; PPetr III, 51, 5; POxy 743, 23; PFay 111, 3ff; Sir 6:3; 9:6; 27:16 al.; Tob 7:6 BA; 4 Macc 2:14; Tat. 8, τὸν ἐρώμενον; 15, 1) τ. μισθόν lose the reward Mt 10:42; Mk 9:41; Hs 5, 6, 7. δραχμήν (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 25) Lk 15:8f; ἀ. ἃ ἠργασάμεθα lose what we have worked for 2J 8. διαθήκην B 4:7, 8. τὴν ζωὴν τ. ἀνθρώπων Hm 2:1; cp. Hs 8, 6, 6; 8, 7, 5; 8, 8, 2f and 5. τὴν ἐλπίδα m 5, 1, 7.③ to lose someth. that one already has or be separated from a normal connection, lose, be lostⓐ act. w. colloq. flavor ἵνα πᾶν ὸ̔ δέδωκέν μοι μή ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me J 6:39 (B-D-F §466, 3 on Semitic assoc.; Rob. 437; 753).—ἀ. τὴν ψυχήν (cp. Sir 20:22) lose one’s life Mt 10:39; 16:25; Mk 8:35; Lk 9:24; 17:33; cp. J 12:25. For this ἀ. ἑαυτόν lose oneself Lk 9:25 (similar in form is Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 8 Diehl2 lines 11–14: ‘One who risks his life in battle has the best chance of saving it; one who flees to save it is most likely to lose it’).ⓑ mid. (Antiphon: Diels, Vorsokrat. 87, Fgm. 54 ἀπολόμενον ἀργύριον; X., Symp. 1, 5; 1 Km 9:3; Tat. 9, 2) ISm 10:1. Of falling hair Lk 21:18; Ac 27:34; a member or organ of the body Mt 5:29f; remnants of food J 6:12. Of wine that has lost its flavor Hm 12, 5, 3.—Of sheep gone astray Mt 10:6; 15:24; Lk 15:4, 6; B 5:12 (cp. Jer 27:6; Ezk 34:4; Ps 118:176). Of a lost son Lk 15:24 (Artem. 4, 33 ἡ γυνὴ … τ. υἱὸν ἀπώλεσε καὶ … εὗρεν αὐτόν); of humanity in general ἀπολλύμενος ἐζητήθη ἵνα ζωοποιηθῇ διὰ τῆς υἱοθεσίας when lost, humanity was sought, so that it might regain life through acceptance into sonship AcPlCor 2:8 (cp. 1bα.—JSchniewind, D. Gleichn. vom verl. Sohn ’40). ἀ. θεῷ be lost to God Hs 8, 6, 4 (cod. A for ἀπέθανον).—B. 758. DELG s.v. ὄλλυμι. M-M. TW. -
4 ἐξεργάζομαι
A- ηργάξατο IG 1.423
: [tense] pf. -είργασμαι, [dialect] Ion. -έργασμαι, both in act. and pass. sense (v. infr.): [tense] aor. - ειργάσθην always [voice] Pass., Isoc.5.7, Plu.Num.9: so [tense] fut.- εργασθήσομαι Isoc.Ep.6.8
:—work out, bring to completion, Hdt.1.93, 4.179 ([voice] Pass.), etc.;τίς βλέποντα σώματ' ἐξεργάζεται; E. Hel. 583
; οὐδὲ.. μελετῶντες αὐτὸ (i.e. seamanship)ἐξείργασθέ πω Th.1.142
; τὰ ἐπιμαχώτατα ἐ. finish [fortifying] the most assailable points, Id.4.4, cf. 5.75, 6.101 ([voice] Pass.);τέχνην ἐ. X.Smp.4.61
, cf. Cyr.8.2.5 ([voice] Pass.); τοιούτους ἐ. τινάς make them exactly such, Id.Smp.4.60.2 accomplish, achieve, , cf. Men.Epit. 474; ἐ. τάραχον work utter confusion, X.Eq.9.4; ; ἐ. συμμαχίαν bring it about, Aeschin.3.239;πραγματικῶς ἐ. τὴν ὑπόθεσιν Plb.5.26.6
: c. dupl. acc., κακὸν ἐ. τινά work him mischief, Hdt.6.3, cf. Pl.Ep. 352d, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,σφιν ἔργον ἐστὶν ἐξειργασμένον A.Pers. 759
, cf. Hdt.9.75; ἐπ' ἐξεργασμένοισι after the deed had been done, usu. of crimes or acts of violence, Id.4.164, 8.94, cf. A.Ag. 1379, S.Aj. 377;ἐπ' ἐ. κακοῖσι E.Ba. 1039
;τοὐξειργασμένον S.Aj. 315
.3 contrive or manage that..,ἐξειργάσατο βασιλεὺς προσαγορευθῆναι Plb.31.33.3
, cf. Luc.Tox.32, Plu.Cat.Ma.3.4 work at, esp. in [voice] Pass., ἀγροὶ εὖ ἐξεργασμένοι well- cultivated lands, Hdt.5.29, cf. 6.137; [ἡ γῆ] ὅσῳ ἄμεινον ἐξείργασται Th.1.82
; of plants, train, Thphr.CP5.3.5.5 of an author, work out, D.H.Th.15: abs., treat fully,ἐ. κατὰ μέρος περί τινος Plb.3.26.5
:—[voice] Pass.,τὰ κατ' ἐπιτομὴν ἐξειργασμένα Phld.Lib. p.1
O.II undo, destroy, esp. of men, ruin, Hdt.4.134, 5.19, E. Hel. 1098, etc.; in Trag., alsoἐ. αἷμα μητρός Id.Or. 1624
:—[voice] Pass., ἐξειργάσμεθα we are undone, Id.Hipp. 565; ὡς μή τι ἐξεργάσωνται that they may do no harm, Hp.Morb.3.16 as cited by Gal.19.182, cf. 212 ( ἐξ- [or κατ-]εργάσηταί τι κακόν codd. Hp.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξεργάζομαι
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5 διόλλυμι
A- ολῶ S.Tr.
(v. infr.):—destroy utterly, bring to naught, Emp.139, S.OT 442, Tr. 1028 (lyr.), Pl.Cri. 47c, etc.; δ. γυναῖκα ruin a woman, E.El. 921:— [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. -ολοῦμαι, [tense] pf. -όλωλα, perish utterly, come to naught, Th.3.40, etc.; διώλετο ἔκ τινος by some one's hand, S.OT 225.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διόλλυμι
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6 καταστρέφω
Aστρᾰφήσομαι D.C.42.42
: [tense] pf. imper.κατεστρέφθω Epicur.
(v. infr.): [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. - έστραπτο Hdn. (v. infr.); [ per.] 3pl. - εστράφατο D.C.39.5:— turn down, trample on,ποσσί h.Ap.73
; turn the soil, X.Oec.17.10; κάνθαρον κ. turn it upside down, so as to drain it, Alex.115, cf. Sotad. Com.1.33, LXX 4 Ki.21.13;κατεστραμμένῳ τῷ ὀστράκῳ Arist.HA 622b8
.II upset, overturn,τὴν πόλιν κ. Ar.Eq. 274
;τὰς εἰκόνας D.L.5.82
; ruin, undo,βίον καὶ τέκνα καὶ πόλεις Plb.23.11.2
; τινα AP 11.163 (Lucill.):—[voice] Pass.,τὰ προάστεια κατέστραπτο Hdn.8.4.8
.2 [voice] Med., subject to oneself, subdue,πολέμῳ Hdt.1.64
, cf. 71, al., Th.3.13, D.18.244, etc.; ; τοὺς μὲν κατεστρέψατο ἐς φόρου ἀπαγωγήν subdued and made them tributary, Hdt.1.6: c. inf., .3 [voice] Pass., in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf., to be subdued, Id.1.130,68: [tense] plpf., Th.5.29: c.inf., ἀκούειν σοῦ κατέστραμμαι am constrained to hear, A.Ag. 956: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. also in sense of [voice] Med., Hdt.1.171; , cf. X.HG5.2.38, Isoc.5.21.III of a floating solid, right itself, Archim. Fluit. 2.9 ([voice] Pass.).b intr., return,εἰς ταὐτόν Arist.Pr. 921a26
, cf. Mech. 856b17.IV turn round, direct, [ καταπάλτην] train it on the enemy, Ph.Bel.82.14; esp. towards an end, ποῖ καταστρέφεις λόγων τελευτήν; A.Pers. 787;οὕτω κατέστρεψεν ἡ τύχη ταῦτα, ὥστ' ἐναντία γενέσθαι τοῖς προσδοκωμένοις Din.1.32
; κατέστρεψεν εἰς φιλανθρωπίαν τοὺς λόγους guided the conversations to a friendly end, Aeschin.2.39: hence, bring to an end, κ. τὴν βίβλον, τὸν λόγον, Plb.3.118.10, 22.9.4 ([voice] Pass.,ταῦτα μὲν αὐτοῦ κατεστρέφθω Epicur.Nat.14.6
); esp. κ. τὸν βίον Cebes 10, Ael.NA13.21, Plu.Thes.19,etc.;ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων Id.Comp.Sol.Publ.1
: abs., come to an end, close, Plb.4.2.1;τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ -στρέφοντος Plu.Caes.51
; esp. end life, die, Epicur.Ep.3p.61U., Plu.Them.31, Arr.An.7.3.1, Hdn.5.8.10; κ. εἰς ἀπώλειαν end in.., Alciphr.3.70;τοὺς λόγους ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα -στρέφειν οἰόμενος Plu. Phil.4
; ἡ ἡμέρα κ. εἰς ὥραν δεκάτην inclines towards.., Id.Sull. 29.2 Rhet., metaph., λέξις κατεστραμμένη periodic style, opp. εἰρομένη, Arist.Rh. 1409a26, cf. Demetr.Eloc.12,21.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταστρέφω
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7 συνεπισπάω
II mostly in [voice] Med., draw on along with one, esp. to ruin,τοὺς φίλους Pl.R. 451a
, cf. D.19.224, IPE12.352.23 (Chersonesus, ii B.C.); of things, involve, bring on,κακά Phld.Ir.p.23W.
, cf. p.77W.; also without any bad sense, Pl. Ti. 44a, X.Cyr.2.2.24: literally, of the magnet,σ. τὸν σίδηρον Epicur. Fr. 293
; of ligaments,ἑαυτοῖς σ. τοὺς σπονδύλους Gal.18(1).506
.2 draw on along with one, i.e. to one's own views,τινὰ πρὸς τὸ συμφῆσαι Pl.Sph. 236d
;πρὸς τὴν αὑτῶν γνώμην Plb.30.6.7
:—[voice] Pass., Epicur. Nat.121G.3 σ. τὸν ἀέρα inhale at the same time, Arist.Pr. 906a6 [suff] συνεπι-σπεύδω, join in forcing onward,τὰς ἁμάξας X.An.1.5.8
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνεπισπάω
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8 σφάλλω
σφάλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to bring down, to ruin, to mislead', midd. `to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken' (IA).Other forms: Aor. σφῆλαι (Il.), Dor. σφᾶλαι (Pi.), pass. σφᾰλ-ῆναι (- θῆναι Gal.), intr. - αι (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?-ῶ, pass. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσφαλ-μαι (IA.), act. - κα (Plb.).Derivatives: 1. σφαλ-ερός `slippery, treacherous, staggering' (IA.). 2. - μα n. `fall, accident, misstep, mistake' (IA.), - μός m. `id.' (Aq.) with - μῆσαι ( ἀπο-) `to stumble' (Plb.), σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃, σφάλλεται H. 3. - σις ( ἀνά-, περί-, ἀμφί-) f. `fall, accident' (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. - της m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. ἀ-σφαλ-ής, ές, -( έ)ως `not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable' (Il.) with - εια f. (Att.), - ίζομαι, - ίζω (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; σφάλος n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus ἐπι-, περι-, ἀρι-σφαλής a.o. -- On ἄσφαλτος s. v. (folketym. adapted?).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] * (s)gʷʰh₂el-Etymology: As with πάλλω, σκάλλω the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. skhálate, -ti `sumble, stagger, err', Arm. sxalem, -im `id.' (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE skʷhel- and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect σφάλλω with IE * sp(h)el- `split' in σπολάς, ἀσπάλαξ a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. σφ- in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. fallō. -- Cf. σφαλός, σφέλας. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes * sgʷʰh₂el- with Siebs, which seems possible.Page in Frisk: 2,827Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφάλλω
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ruin — n 1. devastation, desolation, ravagement, havoc, destruction; dilapidation, ruination, wreck, wreckage, wrack, wrack and ruin; disruption, upheaval; crash, collision, crack up. 2. overthrow, overturn, subversion, suppression, subdual, conquest;… … A Note on the Style of the synonym finder
ruin — I UK [ˈruːɪn] / US [ˈruɪn] verb [transitive] Word forms ruin : present tense I/you/we/they ruin he/she/it ruins present participle ruining past tense ruined past participle ruined ** 1) to destroy or severely damage something You ll completely… … English dictionary
ruin — ru|in1 [ ruın ] verb transitive ** to destroy or severely damage something: You ll completely ruin the flowers if you touch them. Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career. She had ruined her mother s chances of getting a job. a. to… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
ruin — Synonyms and related words: Waterloo, abuse, afterglow, afterimage, ancient manuscript, annihilate, antique, antiquity, archaism, artifact, assault, atrophy, attack, baffle, balance, balk, bane, bankrupt, bankruptcy, barbarize, batter, beat, beat … Moby Thesaurus
ruin — [ro͞o′ən] n. [ME ruine < OFr < L ruina < ruere, to fall, hurl to the ground < IE * ereu < base * er , to set in motion, erect > RUN, RISE] 1. Archaic a falling down, as of a building, wall, etc. 2. [pl.] the remains of a fallen… … English World dictionary
bring to naught — (archaic) To frustrate, baffle • • • Main Entry: ↑naught * * * archaic ruin; foil … Useful english dictionary